Field Research · Petra, Jordan · February 2026

Visitor Experience
at Petra
Archaeological Park

A field-based UX research study examining the end-to-end visitor journey — from the Treasury to the shuttle bus stop — and what it tells us about service design in heritage tourism.

246 Responses
40+ Nationalities
9 Recommendations
Entrusted by PDTRA · Chief Commissioner Dr. Fares Braizat & Commissioner Yazan Mahadin
About This Study

One of the world's great sites — and a service design opportunity

Petra draws visitors from across the globe to witness its rose-red sandstone canyons and ancient Nabataean architecture. But the visitor journey doesn't end at the Treasury. This study used in-field surveys to understand how that journey concludes — and where the service environment is letting visitors down.

UX Research Service Design Mixed Methods Heritage Tourism Wayfinding Accessibility
Explore the Findings ↓ Play the Game

The numbers tell a clear story

8.9/10
Overall Experience Score
avg. across 246 respondents
6.3/10
Bus Journey Satisfaction
a 2.6 point gap — entirely avoidable
57%
Unaware of Last Bus Time
navigating without key information
88%
Rated Overall Experience 8–10
the site itself is exceptional

What the data revealed

Four findings emerged from the survey data, each pointing to a different dimension of the visitor experience — and a different type of service design intervention.

01
🏛️
Petra itself is exceptional
8.9 / 10
88% of visitors gave the overall experience a score of 8 or above. Only 2% rated it 5 or below. The site's extraordinary heritage is not the problem — the service environment surrounding it is.
02
🚌
The bus journey is a pain point
6.3 / 10
The basin-to-bus journey scored 2.6 points lower than the overall experience. 36% rated it 5 or below. Critically: visitors who took a donkey ride scored it 8.25/10 vs. walkers at just 5.91/10 — the walk, not the service, is the problem.
03
🗺️
Visitors are flying blind
57%
of visitors didn't know the last bus departure time. Of those who did (43%), some likely had incorrect information from informal sources. Word of mouth was the #1 discovery channel — ahead of official signs. Visitors shouldn't rely on strangers to find a bus.
04
🫏
Operators are filling the gap — badly
19 mentions
Donkey operators were cited as a discovery channel for the shuttle bus — above hotels. These same operators profit from discouraging visitors from walking, and frequently provide false distance estimates. A conflict of interest is embedded in the information chain.

How visitors discovered the bus

262 mentions recorded across 246 respondents, adjusted for split responses. Word of mouth edges out signage as the leading channel — revealing an informal, uncontrolled information ecosystem.

Word of Mouth
64 responses · 24.4%
24.4%
On-Site Signs
63 responses · 24.0%
24.0%
Visitor Centre
34 responses · 13.0%
13.0%
Guide
27 responses · 10.3%
10.3%
Internet / Online
24 responses · 9.2%
9.2%
Locals / Donkey Operators
19 responses · 7.3%
7.3%
Hotel / Accommodation
13 responses · 5.0%
5.0%
Map
8 responses · 3.1%
3.1%

Satisfaction by transport mode

The 2.34-point gap between walkers and donkey riders is the most actionable data point in the study. It shows the route is the problem — not the service.

5.91 out of 10
Visitors who walked

82% of respondents · 202 visitors
41% rated the journey 5 or below

82% walked
8.25 out of 10
Visitors who took a donkey

18% of respondents · 44 visitors
68% rated the journey 8 or above

18% donkey

Bus schedule awareness

57%
Did not know the last departure time
140 visitors navigating the most time-sensitive moment of their visit without basic scheduling information
43%
Had some awareness of departure time
But accuracy was not verified — anecdotal evidence suggests a portion had incorrect times from informal sources

In their own words

Scroll to read direct quotes from the field — reproduced verbatim from survey responses.

"

Too far, no signs, and the locals tell you it's even further.

🗺️ Wayfinding & Misinformation
"

We waited 25 minutes at the wrong stop — there was nothing telling us where the actual bus stop was.

🚌 Signage Failure
"

The donkey guys told us there was no bus and tried to charge us. The walk was fine once we found it.

🫏 Operator Misinformation
"

Not logical — the bus stop doesn't go all the way to the basin. Needs to be closer or better marked.

📍 Route Design
"

My husband is in a wheelchair. The rough road was very difficult and there was no support.

♿ Accessibility
"

Petra by night is expensive and the shuttle bus is expensive. Sellers are pushy.

💰 Vendor Conduct
"

The government pushing out locals is unappealing. The animal welfare is bad.

🐾 Animal Welfare
"

Minupulation from locals — donkeys need better signage for ETA to bus stop so that they don't feel pressured into getting a donkey.

🫏 Operator Conduct

9 changes, directly from the data

Prioritised by impact and feasibility. The most critical improvements require no changes to the archaeological site itself — only to the service environment surrounding it.

HIGH
R1
Comprehensive Wayfinding Overhaul
Install clear, consistent directional signage along the full basin-to-bus route with walking time estimates and confirmation markers every 200–300m. The roundabout stop is a known confusion point — an unmistakable terminal sign is essential.
HIGH
R2
Establish a Formal Information Infrastructure
Word of mouth is not a strategy. Departure time displays at the visitor centre and basin; standardised hotel partner briefings; a dedicated PAP shuttle bus page on the website and Google Maps. Every visitor should encounter this through an official channel.
HIGH
R3
Address Vendor & Donkey Operator Misinformation
Enforce clear conduct standards for all commercial operators with visible consequences. Deploy uniformed information staff at the basin and along the route to provide accurate guidance and deter bad actors.
MED
R4
Improve the Pedestrian Walking Experience
Walkers rated the journey 5.91/10 vs. donkey riders at 8.25/10 — a 2.34-point gap driven by the physical walk. Shaded rest points, seating, and distance markers would have immediate impact. Even temporary shade structures while longer infrastructure is planned.
MED
R5
Relocate or Extend the Bus Stop Closer to the Basin
The single most-requested change in qualitative feedback. Investigate whether the route can be extended or a secondary pick-up point installed near the basin restaurants.
MED
R6
Address the Conflict of Interest in Operator Information
Donkey operators rank above hotels as an information source — but profit from discouraging walking. A clear code of conduct and ranger presence at key decision points would give visitors a trusted alternative to operator guidance.
LOW
R7
Accessibility Audit & Plan
Commission an accessibility audit of the route. Explore surface improvements, a dedicated accessible shuttle, or a ranger escort service for wheelchair users, injured visitors, and elderly travellers.
LOW
R8
On-Site Information Strategy Review
Audio guide rental, QR markers at monuments, and richer interpretation throughout the site. Petra's heritage is its greatest asset — better storytelling infrastructure would elevate the experience significantly.
LOW
R9
Animal Welfare Visibility
Welfare concerns were raised unprompted across multiple surveys. Publicly visible welfare standards — through signage, visitor centre notices, or PAP-endorsed operator standards — would align with international visitor expectations.

Navigate Petra: The Shuttle Bus Run

This mini-game recreates the exact pain points our 246 respondents described — dodging misleading donkey sellers, finding signs that actually make sense, and making it to the bus before it leaves. Use arrow keys or WASD to move.

🏛️ Treasury → 🚌 Shuttle Bus Stop
Health: ❤️❤️❤️
Distance: 0m
Time left: 60s
Arrow keys / WASD to move · Avoid donkeys & misleading signs · Find the real bus stop!

How the research was conducted

End-to-end ownership of the research process — from instrument design through to analysis and recommendations.

📋
Survey Design
Designed and built the survey instrument from scratch, covering six research areas: overall satisfaction, transport mode, schedule awareness, journey satisfaction, visitor profile, and open-ended qualitative feedback. Deliberately kept concise to respect visitor fatigue.
🧑‍🤝‍🧑
Field Research
Led a team of four surveyors conducting in-person interviews at the shuttle bus boarding point near the Turkmaniyya Tomb. Surveys captured feedback immediately post-visit while experiences were fresh. 246 valid responses collected across the survey period.
📊
Analysis
Quantitative analysis of satisfaction scores, demographic breakdowns, and transport mode comparisons. Qualitative thematic coding of open-ended responses. Discovery channel data adjusted for split responses. Results translated into 9 prioritised, actionable recommendations.

Laura Findlay

Entrusted by Chief Commissioner Dr. Fares Braizat and Commissioner Yazan Mahadin of the Petra Development and Tourism Region Authority (PDTRA) to design, build, and lead this end-to-end visitor experience research initiative at one of the world's most visited UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

UX Research Lead Survey Design Team Lead (4 surveyors) Data Analysis Service Design Recommendations